International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Detection and characterization of human rotavirus in tap water by multiplex RT-PCR

Julius Tieroyaare Dongdem¹*, Jonathan Adjimani² and George Armah³

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences. University for Development Studies, Tamale. Ghana

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

³Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana

Accepted 28 June, 2011

Abstract

More than a billion diarrheal cases occur each year among children below five years resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Rotaviruses, the single leading cause of diarrhea in children below five years, cause more than 130 million episodes of severe diarrhea throughout the world. While treated water has been identified as a route of transmission, rotavirus in treated water has not been investigated in Ghana. Since the presence of rotaviruses in drinking water is unacceptable, a virological survey to detect and characterize rotavirus was conducted on tap water in the western part of Accra. Treated water samples were collected from five zones within the distribution network of Weija Water Works. Two litres of each sample were concentrated 4,000 fold and the viral particles extracted. Viral RNA was extracted from all concentrates using phenol/chloroform, purified with the RNaid^®kit and reverse transcribed. The cDNA was amplified by semi-nested PCR using P and G genotype- specific primers and analyzed an agarose gel. Rotavirus was detected in 48.1% of samples. Nine rotavirus P-types and 12 G-types were detected. The detection pattern showed increased viral pollution with distance from the treatment plant and in areas with high human activity.

Keywords: Characterization, detection; Ghana; rotavirus diarrhea; RT-PCR; tap water.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 001-003, November, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Benign multicystic mesothelioma of peritoneum presenting as a tubo-ovarian mass – A case report

Madhusmita Jena, M.D. (Pathology)

M.V.J. Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore, India. Email: jena_madhusmita@hotmail.com

Accepted 25 June, 2011

Abstract

Multicystic mesothelioma is a rare benign neoplasm of the peritoneum occurring in women of reproductive age. A 45 year old woman presented with a mass per abdomen measuring 20 x 18 cms² with on and off pain since 5 months. She had a history of five abdominal surgeries in the past. USG and CT scan of the pelvis showed a multicystic mass of 20 x20 cms² arising from right adenexal region and a provisional diagnosis of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma was suggested. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was done. The specimen showed a multilocular cystic mass of 20 x 15 cms² adherent to the uterus and cervix in the right adenexal area. Histology showed cystic spaces lined by cuboidal cells with hobnail appearance. This case is presented for its rarity and its relationship with history of previous surgical interventions in abdominal region.

Keywords: Multicystic mesothelioma, benign mesothelioma of peritoneum, benign multicystic mesothelioma

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Unilateral tuberculous otitis media

Naeem K Makhdoom

Head of Department, Otolaryngology Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina PO Box 30001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Email: dr.naeem.m@hotmail.com

Accepted 21 June, 2011

Abstract

Tuberculous otitis media (TBOM) is an extremely rare clinical condition worldwide. This may pose a diagnostic challenge even to the most astute and experienced otolaryngologist due to a low index of suspicion; however clinician should be aware of the possibility of tuberculosis (T.B) in patients with unusual aggressive presentation of otitis media with complications such as facial nerve paralysis, rapidly progressive hearing loss and multiple tympanic membrane perforations with scanty hell paje colored ear discharge. The objective of this case report is to raise the awareness of TBOM as a possible differential diagnosis in a patient with chronic otitis media. This is the first case of TBOM being reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Tubercolous otitis media, lower motor neuron disease, hearing loss.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 2 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Clinical and ultrasonographic correlation of post-coital isolated penile injury with corpus cavernosal haematoma: A case report

¹Erondu Okechukwu Felix, ²Ohuegbe Chyke Ihechikara, ¹Okoro Chinedum Richards and ³Emmanuel Ehiwe

¹Department of Clinical Imaging, Image Diagnostics, Port Harcourt Nigeria

²Ultrasound Unit, In Health, London United Kingdom

³Spire Harpenden Hospital Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Accepted 21 June, 2011

Abstract

Penile fracture or male coital injury is a relatively uncommon condition. It is primarily the rupture of corpus cavernosum, with or without involvement of corpus spongiosum and the urethra. Using a case study approach, we present ultrasound findings of this rare and underreported urologic emergency suffered by a 32 year old male patient during copulation in a female dominant position. This is a case with the classical presentation of pain, detumescence, rapid penile swelling, right-sided deviation and isolated rupture of one corpus cavernosum with massive haematoma. The urethra and corpus spongiosum were spared. Ultrasound demonstrated the presence of isolated hematoma, integrity of the penile urethra as well as evidence of arterial compromise in this patient. Our study shows the importance of sonography as a readily available and non invasive modality in the management of this urologic emergency.

Keywords: Penile fracture, coital injury, hematoma, corpus cavernosa, tunica albuginea.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 2 (10), pp. 001-003, October, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Case report

Primary and confined gist of the prostate: Case report and review of literature

João Paulo Martins de Carvalho^{1, 2}, João Pedro Gaio Meirelles Rozado ², Alexandre Vinícius Guimarães Araújo³, Paulo Cesar Nanci de Carvalho ⁴

¹Brazilian Health Ministry, Federal Hospital Cardoso Fontes, Urology Division

²Urogenital Research Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil.

³Brazilian Navy Health Service, Brazil

⁴Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de Niterói, Brazil.

Accepted 05 June, 2011

Abstract

The symptoms of prostate hyperplasia, such as tenesmus, nocturia, and urinary retention are common in elderly men. A healthy male patient, 92 years old, in urologic follow up for benign prostatic hyperplasia culminated to acute urinary retention and indication of a retropubic prostatectomy. Exams documented a prostate of 180 grams, PSA 2.45 ng/dl. A digital rectal exam documented grade IV prostate with an adenomatous and fiber elastic aspect, without nodules. Surgery and thorough immunohistochemical studies of the specimen were performed, and primary GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) of the prostate was confirmed. Posterior staging did not document another focus of the illness, and a complete resection of the primary mass was performed. The patient and his family were offered all the treatment options and opted for an exclusive clinical follow up, without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This decision was made based upon all the collateral effects that chemotherapy and radiotherapy would produce with no gain to the patient’s quality of life. In patients with localized disease, contingent on individual analysis of performance status as well as social aspects, exclusive clinical follow up can be offered according to their life expectancy.

Keywords: Prostate sarcomas, gastrointestinal sarcomatoid tumors, pelvic syndrome, imatinib, palliative procedures, clinical follow up.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 2 (9), pp. 001-003, September, 2011. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

A case of jaundice associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis carrying UGT1A1 polymorphism

Eylem Ulas Saz*, Basak Yildiz *, Asude Alpman *, Huseyin Onay *,Ferda Ozkinay **

* Pediatric Emergency Department, Ege University School of Medicine, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

**Medical Genetics Department, Ege University School of Medicine, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey This work was condcuted at Ege University Hospital School of Medicine.

Accepted 26 April, 2011

Abstract

To demonstrate the UGT1A1 (TA)7 TAA polymorphism in a 45 day old boy with jaundice and recurrent vomiting caused by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A 45-day-old boy was brought to the emergency department with vomiting and jaundice. On admission, the baby was icteric and had weight lost. No evidence of infection and hemolysis. His thyroid function tests and all other biochemical tests were normal except for serum total bilirubin level which was measured as 9.82 mg/dl, with an unconjugated fraction as 9.05 mg/dl. DNA analysis was performed and the heterozygous (TA) 7TAA polymorphism was revealed in the bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase gene (UGT1A1) of the patient. Sonographic image revealed that hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Ramsted pyloromyotomy was performed by pediatric surgery department. The jaundice disappeared within two days and the infant was discharged. We recommend that it is crucial step to care in a neonate with jaundice, recurrent vomiting and especially weight loss. Although hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and Gilbert Syndrome seem two different conditions, in selected patients more laboratory test should be obtained for differential diagnosis.

Keywords: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), Gilbert, jaundice, infants.