Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Matrix Utilizing Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensors

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries | Vol. 17, No. 1, January 2026 | pp. 1–9

DOI: 10.46882/2026/IJMAD/000112

Original Research Article

Title: Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Matrix Utilizing Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensors

Names of Authors: Rajesh K. Gupta¹, Tariq Al-Saeed², Li-Wei Chen³

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; ³Institute of Microelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Abstract: Traditional continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems rely on transcutaneous electrochemical sensors that cause localized discomfort and carry infection risks. This prospective clinical evaluation assessed the diagnostic accuracy and user compliance of a novel, completely non-invasive wrist-worn CGM device (OptiGLuc-X1) utilizing multi-wavelength near-infrared optical spectroscopy paired with machine learning calibration models. Eighty adult subjects with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were monitored continuously for 14 days. Optical sensor readings were paired with simultaneous venipuncture plasma glucose references taken at 15-minute intervals during structured oral glucose tolerance tests. Clarke Error Grid Analysis demonstrated that 89.4% of the optically generated glucose values fell within Zone A, and 9.8% fell within Zone B, establishing a combined clinically acceptable diagnostic accuracy of 99.2%. The Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) was calculated at 8.7% ± 1.2% across a wide glycemic range (40–400 mg/dL). Rapid glycemic fluctuations and hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) were accurately detected with a sensitivity of 91.5%. No skin irritation or sensor drift occurred over the 14-day wear period, and user compliance scales averaged 96.4%. Multi-wavelength optical sensors offer a highly accurate, painless alternative for continuous glycemic tracking in diabetic populations.

Keywords: Non-invasive glucose monitoring, Optical spectroscopy, Diabetes mellitus, Clarke error grid, MARD, Wearable biosensors

Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 12, 2025; Revised: November 24, 2025; Accepted: December 15, 2025; Published: January 20, 2026

Citation: Gupta, R. K., Al-Saeed, T., & Chen, L. W. (2026). Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Matrix Utilizing Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensors. International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries, 17(1), 1–9. doi.org

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